Torbjørn Kvasbø in his workshop in Venabygd Photo — André Gali
He defines himself as an Abstract Expressionist and is known for burning monumental sculptures in a large wooden kiln he himself has built. Ceramicist Torbjørn Kvasbø is considered a leading artist in his field and exhibits regularly in Asia, Europe and the USA. This October he makes time in his busy schedule to show new works at Kunstnerforbundet in Oslo.
Torbjørn Kvasbø´s works in the exhibition Le Cru et le Cuit at Galerie Favardin & de Verneuil, Paris, 2009 (curated by Jorunn Veiteberg)Photo — André Gali
Torbjørn Kvasbø in his workshop in VenabygdPhoto — André Gali
«Thank God I didn’t get into the Oslo school. I think that would have ruined my career»
Torbjørn Kvasbø
It has been said about ceramic artist Peter Voulkos that ‘had America, as they do in Japan, a system of selecting the country’s most precious artists to be called “Living Treasures”, Peter Voulkos would indeed be one’. A similar statement could easily be made about Norway and Torbjørn Kvasbø.
Kvasbø travels regularly to different parts of the world to participate in exhibitions, biennales and symposiums. He has led numerous workshops in the US and elsewhere and been ceramics professor at the Academy for Design and Crafts in Gothenburg and at the University College of Arts, Crafts and Design in Stockholm. As a professor, he was active in school politics and considers education to be one of the most important areas where information and experience about ceramics are shared; therefore he believes all artists should be involved in education.
‘As a practicing and professional artist, it is important to share your experiences with students. The transference of knowledge is one important aspect, but sharing networks with the students is equally important. Not just for the students, but for those of us who work as professional artists. Because it gives insights into what is going on. A lot of interesting art is made in the art schools’, he explains.
Kvasbø was a professor for twelve years and actively engaged in renewing and restructuring the art schools where he taught. After managing the ceramics department at the University College of Arts, Crafts and Design in Stockholm (he also orchestrated a co-location-process), he decided to spend more time in his workshop, but still is passionate about how art schools are run and how art is taught.
Plate 1986. Borgestad alumina-rich stoneware with granulated feldspathic stone inclusions, wheel-thrown with marks from cutting wire, natural ash glaze, wadding marks from stacking, anagama-firedPhoto — Dannevig © Bomuldsfabriken Kunsthall
Plate 1989. Stoneware, wheel, plastic orament made by pushing the wet plate against rubber foam with finger, manganese-copper glaze, crushed sea-shells, anagama firedPhoto — Morten Løberg
From the piano to clay
As a youth Kvasbø didn’t intend to be a ceramic artist. His home town of Kongsvinger, approximately 70 miles outside of Oslo, lacked a wealth of cultural activities. But his father, author Alf Kvasbø, wanted his children to have musical education. And for a long time Kvasbø expected to become a professional pianist.
‘I started playing the piano as a seven year old. And at age 20 I had become a very good pianist’, he recalls.
‘I applied to get into the Music Academy in Oslo after graduating from college, but since the competition amongst piano players was stiff, I didn’t get in.’
What to do? As Kvasbø tells it, he felt if he just rehearsed diligently for another year, he could apply again and succeed:
‘At the time I felt the need to move out of my parents’ house. After all, I was too old to stay home. And I couldn’t just rehearse. I needed something to do. So I applied for the Arts and Crafts Department at Røros Technical School. The school had a piano and my idea was to study a bit and rehearse a lot.’
At the school the students worked in wood, metal and ceramics. But Kvasbø gradually immersed himself in working with clay, and, forgetting to practice the piano, eventually decided to seek admission to schools for applied art – both in Oslo and in Bergen.
‘Thank God I didn’t get into the Oslo school. I think that would have ruined my career’, he states, referring to the educational system there at the time. In retrospect Kvasbø thinks the teachers in Oslo were too concerned about being artists, and not focused enough on skill.
In Bergen, where he began studying in 1975, the education was different.
‘In many ways it was an old fashioned school, since the focus was on handicraft and skill. And the material as a medium or a language for expressing yourself was very important. The school was inspired by English traditions for ceramics and crafts where the thoughts of Shoji Hamada and Bernard Leach were held in high esteem. The choice of material was essential for how you developed a language as an artist.
«I was experimenting with different natural kilns and developed different techniques, and word got around»
Torbjørn Kvasbø
Trauform1994. Anagama, terracottaPhoto — Morten Løberg
A workshop of his own
So why did Kvasbø choose to work in clay?
‘It was a mere coincidence … I might as well have chosen printing, which also intrigued me. The process and the way the prints went through a transformation inspired me. As I started my studies in Bergen I was very much in doubt whether to choose printing or ceramics.’
He chose ceramics and started working with handicraft, tableware and useful products for everyday life. Working in the school’s workshop from seven in the morning to late at night, he experimented with the material, the burning process and different glazing techniques. And he was in good company. In his class were hard working ceramicists, and several of his classmates are still among the most important Norwegian ceramic artists today:
‘Harald Solberg, who now runs Bomuldsfabrikken in Arendal, was one of my classmates, and Marit Tingleff, Hanne Heuch and Elise Helland Hansen. The elite division of Norwegian ceramicists,’ he remembers.
For three years Kvasbø studied in Bergen, and during that time also developed a workshop with a large wooden kiln at his grandfather’s place in Venabygd, a rural area approximately 130 miles from Oslo.
‘The last half year before my graduation I worked here. Then I filled my car with what I had made for the graduation show and drove across the mountains to Bergen.’
After graduating he left Bergen to come and live in Venabygd with his wife. He never wants to move back to Bergen, even though the school has tried to recruit him. But he still feels that the ceramics program at the Bergen school is an important institution:
‘Bergen National Academy of the Arts [the school’s most recent name, after merging with the art academy in 2000] is among the finest schools in Europe. In my time as a ceramics professor I have visited lots of art schools and seen a lot of graduation shows. And Bergen National Academy of the Arts and the University College of Arts, Crafts and Design in Stockholm hold high standards. I still work as an external examiner at Royal College in London, possibly the best school for arts and crafts in the world, and I can tell you that Nordic and Scandinavian artist are doing well.’
Form 1999. Iron rich crank stoneware body, with a layer of porcelain on top, plastic geometric finger ornament, natural ash glaze, chunk of melted river sand from kiln floor, anagama firedPhoto — Morten Løberg
Bowl, 1987. Borgestad alumina-rich stoneware with granulated feldspathic stone inclusions, wheel-thrown, slab built, natural ash glaze, seashell marks from stacking, anagama-firedPhoto — Torbjørn Kvasbø
Working hard
To build a career, but also for mere sake of survival, Kvasbø started showing his works around the country and selling them directly from his workshop.
‘I’ve exhibited almost everywhere in Norway, in the smallest, most obscure places. That was the only way to survive economically as an artist, and to gain recognition. At the same time I gained a lot of valuable experience,’ he recalls.
Gradually he started receiving invitations to participate in bigger shows and more important exhibitions. He exhibited early on at the National Museum of Decorative Arts in Trondheim and in Kunstnerforbundet – both considered to be among the most important exhibition venues in Norway.
‘It took a lot of work. You had to work hard to survive. And I got a lot of support from the locals. They bought my handicraft and the local newspapers covered my shows, and they still do, because they understand that I work hard to do what I do.’
He feels the local community has a lot of respect for his work even though the neighbours consider being an artist something rather strange. Part of the reason for this is that Kvasbø has built an impressive international career. But it took a lot of time, and he worked hard for it.
‘Slowly I came in contact with international ceramic artists and they started inviting me to do workshops. It happened partly by accident, and partly because when you work very hard for something, it eventually happens’, he explains.
‘I was experimenting with different natural kilns and developed different techniques, and word got around. So when foreign ceramicist came to visit the art academies and hold lectures and so on, my Norwegian colleagues brought them around to my workshop to show them what was going on here. Eventually I developed a small international network that wanted me to demonstrate my work processes for other colleagues.’
«Peter Voulkos and his generation have been important inspirations to my own work»
Torbjørn Kvasbø
White form with body 2003. White stoneware clay, thin layer of coarse clay body on top of a coarse clay bodyPhoto — IT Park Photographic Studio Ming-chih HUNG
A Norwegian ceramicist in America
Kvasbø began receiving invitations from art schools, especially in the US, to come and hold lectures and workshops. Between 1987 and 2001 he reckons he visited approximately 50 schools in North America:
‘Sometimes I visited the US as much as five times a year. I organized these tours so I could visit several schools at a time, travelling around the continent with workshops, showing my techniques and sharing my knowledge and experiences with fellow ceramicists’, he recalls.
‘The ceramic milieu is unique in this respect. Because it is such a complex and complicated field, you have to share information and techniques with each other. And the generosity is overwhelming. I think this distinguishes ceramics from other artistic fields.’
In America he attended the annual ceramics conference called Nceca, where 5-6,000 ceramic artists from around the world gather to exchange experiences and knowledge and to show their works.
‘This was a great opportunity to develop an international network, everybody of importance in the field was there,’ he explains.
In the US, ceramics as an art form holds a high position, and Kvasbø connects this to the Abstract Expressionism in ceramics that developed since the 1940s, through the works of Peter Voulkos, Jim Leedy and Ken Ferguson, to name but a few artists.
‘Almost all the artists who have been important in American ceramics have also been professors.’ This helps explain why Abstract Expressionism exercises enormous influence and has been an important paradigm for several generations of American ceramicists.
Kvasbø admits that he considers his own work to belong to the realm of Abstract Expressionism:
‘Peter Voulkos and his generation have been important inspirations to my own work. The way they use the material has had a huge impact on my development.’
From Asia to Oslo
Throughout the last decade or so Kvasbø has also exhibited in Asia. Starting in Australia and New Zealand, he then showed his work in Korea, China and Taiwan. He received much recognition as the one-man jury for The Fletcher Challenge Ceramics Award exhibition in 1996, the last year the exhibition was held.
‘Jurying that exhibition, which is prestigious, helped me gain recognition in Asia, I think. Even though I had participated in several exhibitions and won many prizes there, I now became more known in the ceramics community in Asia.’
As a professor at the University College of Arts, Crafts and Design in Stockholm, he developed an exchange program where he went to teach at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing and a professor from Beijing came to Stockholm. This also helped build his reputation in Asia.
Furthermore, since the Asian countries seem to compete with each other in terms of being the best place to show art, he continuously gets invitations to biennales in Korea, China and Taiwan.
‘Japan has traditionally held a high position in ceramics exhibitions in Asia. But lately Korea has been challenging that position. Now China and Taiwan follow suit. These are countries that spend enormous sums on art festivals, and they have the best curators’, he explains.
Earlier this year Torbjørn Kvasbø’s ceramic works could be seen in the Taiwan Ceramics Biennale at Yingge Ceramics Museum, and at COLLECT, the international fair for contemporary objects at Saatchi Gallery in London. In September his works were part of the Le Cru et Le Cuit-exhibition at the Favardin & de Verneuil Gallery in Paris.
At the moment he is working on a series of abstract sculptures where the clay has been moulded in a special mechanical devise that makes sausage-like lumps of clay. These lumps Kvasbø carefully shapes and puts on top of each other. The sculptures have a slight resemblance to torsos or vessels, but Kvasbø himself is mainly concerned with the energy they express. In October these works will be on display at Kunstnerforbundet in Oslo.
Photo — Thomas Tveter